FUNCTION OF LITERARY CRITICISM

FUNCTION OF LITERARY CRITICISM

Introduction

Literary criticism is the study, explanation, and evaluation of literature. It helps readers understand and enjoy literary works more deeply. The word “criticism” comes from the Greek word kritikos, which means “a judge.” But criticism is not only about judging or finding faults. It also involves understanding the meaning, purpose, and beauty of a literary work. Over time, literary criticism has grown into a helpful tool that connects readers, writers, and the world of literature.

Judgment and Evaluation

One of the main functions of literary criticism is judgment. A critic reads a literary work and examines its strengths and weaknesses. This process helps to understand whether the work has artistic value. The critic also compares the work with other literature to decide how important or original it is.
Evaluation goes hand in hand with judgment. Here, the critic considers the work’s worth based on literary, moral, or social values. They ask questions like: Does the work express truth? Is it beautiful? Does it have emotional or intellectual power? Through this, criticism helps define what is good literature.

Interpretation and Explanation

Criticism also aims to explain and interpret literature. Sometimes a book or a poem may seem difficult to understand. A critic studies it closely and explains the ideas, themes, symbols, and techniques. They make the hidden meanings clear. This helps readers discover new layers in the text. For example, a poem may seem simple, but a critic can show how it reflects deeper human emotions or social problems. By interpreting the work, criticism makes reading more rewarding and meaningful.

Connecting Literature and Life

Literature is not created in a vacuum. It reflects the world, society, and human experiences. Criticism helps readers see how literature relates to real life. It explains how a writer’s background, beliefs, or the time period shaped the work. For example, a critic may show how a novel from the 19th century reflects the struggles of women or the effects of industrialization. In this way, criticism connects art with history, culture, and personal experience.

Guiding Readers and Writers

Criticism serves as a guide for both readers and writers. For readers, it offers insight and clarity. It helps them choose what to read and how to read it. For writers, criticism gives feedback and suggestions. It can inspire them to improve their work or think in new ways. When done thoughtfully, criticism is not harsh or negative. It is a helpful conversation about literature and its meaning.

Avoiding Misuse of Criticism

While criticism can be useful, it must be used carefully. If a critic is too powerful or opinionated, readers may only see the text through their eyes. This limits personal understanding and imagination. True criticism should open up meanings, not close them down. A good critic encourages readers to think for themselves. The best criticism is fair, balanced, and thoughtful.

Conclusion

Literary criticism plays an important role in the world of literature. It judges, evaluates, and interprets literary works. It helps readers understand texts, appreciate their beauty, and connect them with real life. Criticism also supports writers by offering feedback and ideas. Though it must be used wisely, criticism is a powerful tool for learning, enjoyment, and deeper understanding. As Walter Pater once said, “Criticism is the art of interpreting art.” Through this art, literature becomes more meaningful and alive.


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